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ContinueNewton's Laws of Motion important principle can be written as:
\( F_{\text{action}} \) is the force applied by one object.
\( F_{\text{reaction}} \) is the equal and opposite force from the second object.
Problem: An astronaut gently pushes a small satellite with a force of \(40\,\text{N}\) in the +x direction while floating in space (negligible external forces).
Solution:
By Newton’s third law, the satellite exerts an equal and opposite force on the astronaut:
\[ F_{\text{action}} = +40\,\text{N}\ \Rightarrow\ F_{\text{reaction}} = -40\,\text{N} \] The forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Answer: \( \mathbf{40\ \text{N}} \) on the astronaut, opposite the push.
Newton’s Third Law: For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.
A swimmer pushes backward on the water with a force of 150 N.
According to Newton’s third law, what is the magnitude of the force exerted by the water on the swimmer?
Forces are calculated by applying the force:
Problem: A car of mass \(1000\,\text{kg}\) accelerates at \(3\,\text{m/s}^2\).
Solution:
Using \(F = m \cdot a\):
\(F = 1000 \times 3 = 3000\,\text{N}\).
Answer: The net force on the car is \( \mathbf{3000\ \text{N}} \).
A box of mass 200 kg is pushed so that it accelerates at \(4\,\text{m/s}^2\).
What is the net force acting on the box?
To understand an object's motion, we calculate the net force:
Problem: A sled is pulled with \(900\,\text{N}\) forward. Friction is \(200\,\text{N}\) and air resistance \(150\,\text{N}\) (both opposite motion). What is \(F_{\text{net}}\)?
Solution:
Opposing total \(= 200 + 150 = 350\,\text{N}\).
\( F_{\text{net}} = 900 - 350 = 550\,\text{N} \) (forward).
Answer: \( \mathbf{550\ \text{N}} \)
A boat engine produces a thrust of \(700\,\text{N}\) while water resistance is \(200\,\text{N}\).
What is the net force acting on the boat?